Za t\u00fdmto zauj\u00edmav\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom sa skr\u00fdvaj\u00fa huby vt\u00e1\u010die hniezdo (botanicky: Nidulariaceae, \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 aj vt\u00e1\u010die hniezdo huby). S\u00fa drobn\u00e9, \u00faplne ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 a maj\u00fa jeden z najfascinuj\u00facej\u0161\u00edch reproduk\u010dn\u00fdch mechanizmov v celej rastlinnej a hubovej r\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010co s\u00fa huby vt\u00e1\u010die hniezdo?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tieto huby zvy\u010dajne dorastaj\u00fa do ve\u013ekosti len 0,5 a\u017e 1,5 centimetra a \u010dasto nie s\u00fa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead vidite\u013en\u00e9. Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed poh\u013ead odhal\u00ed drobn\u00e9 kalichy, ktor\u00e9 pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa vt\u00e1\u010die hniezdo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hniezdo (peridium): Plodnica v tvare kalicha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vaj\u00ed\u010dka (peridioles): Mal\u00e9 kapsuly v tvare \u0161o\u0161ovice vo vn\u00fatri kalicha, v ktor\u00fdch dozrievaj\u00fa samotn\u00e9 sp\u00f3ry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medzi najbe\u017enej\u0161ie druhy v dom\u00e1cej z\u00e1hrade patr\u00ed pruhovan\u00e1 vt\u00e1\u010dia hniezdo huba (Cyathus striatus) a be\u017en\u00e1 vt\u00e1\u010dia hniezdo huba (Crucibulum laeve).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skryt\u00e1 fyzika: Mechanizmus \u201erozstrekuj\u00faceho poh\u00e1ra\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na t\u00fdchto hub\u00e1ch je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9, ako \u0161\u00edria svoje sp\u00f3ry. Ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 na to, aby ich vietor uniesol vysoko do vzduchu, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa kinematiku da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch kvapiek (mechanizmus rozstrekuj\u00faceho poh\u00e1ra):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dopad: Ke\u010f da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 kvapka spadne do h\u00fabov\u00e9ho hniezda presne v pravom uhle, spodok poh\u00e1ra vytvor\u00ed fyzick\u00fa sp\u00e4tn\u00fa vlnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Katapult: Drobn\u00e9 kapsuly so sp\u00f3rami (\u201evaj\u00ed\u010dka\u201c) s\u00fa poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e9 energiou da\u017e\u010fovej kvapky, akoby z katapultu, a\u017e do vzdialenosti 1 a\u017e 2 metrov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lepkav\u00e1 ni\u0165: Na ka\u017ed\u00fa kapsulu je pripevnen\u00e1 mikroskopicky mal\u00e1, extr\u00e9mne elastick\u00e1 ni\u0165 (funiculus) s lepkavou \u0161pi\u010dkou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ukotvenie: Ke\u010f kapsula prelet\u00ed okolo stebla tr\u00e1vy, vetvi\u010dky alebo listu, ni\u0165 sa okolo neho ov\u00edja ako laso a ukotv\u00ed kapsulu so sp\u00f3rami vysoko vo vzduchu. To umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby ich prehltli bylino\u017eravce alebo aby ich odniesol vietor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00fa \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pre z\u00e1hradu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nie, pr\u00e1ve naopak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prospe\u0161n\u00e9 rozklada\u010de: Huby vt\u00e1\u010die hniezda s\u00fa \u010dist\u00e9 saprofyty (rozklada\u010de m\u0155tveho dreva). \u017divia sa m\u0155tvym organick\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom, ako je k\u00f4ra, dreven\u00e9 \u0161tiepky, hnij\u00face listy alebo mal\u00e9 vetvi\u010dky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u00f4dne zlep\u0161ova\u010de: Rozkladaj\u00fa dlhotrvaj\u00faci lign\u00edn a celul\u00f3zu v p\u00f4de a premie\u0148aj\u00fa ich na cenn\u00fd humus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017diadne nebezpe\u010denstvo: Nenap\u00e1daj\u00fa \u017eiv\u00e9 rastliny, korene ani tr\u00e1vniky. Nie s\u00fa ani jedovat\u00e9, ani \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pre \u013eud\u00ed ani dom\u00e1ce zvierat\u00e1.
Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto objav\u00ed huby vt\u00e1\u010die hniezda v k\u00f4re alebo na svojom z\u00e1hone, m\u00e1 zn\u00e1mky zdravej mikrokl\u00edmy a akt\u00edvneho p\u00f4dneho \u017eivota vo svojej z\u00e1hrade.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Za t\u00fdmto zauj\u00edmav\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom sa skr\u00fdvaj\u00fa huby vt\u00e1\u010die hniezdo (botanicky: Nidulariaceae, \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 aj vt\u00e1\u010die hniezdo huby). S\u00fa drobn\u00e9, \u00faplne ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 a maj\u00fa jeden z najfascinuj\u00facej\u0161\u00edch reproduk\u010dn\u00fdch mechanizmov v celej […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3979,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zivotne-triky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3978"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3980,"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3978\/revisions\/3980"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sk-babickinerady.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}